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A Binary-Based Matrix Model for Malus Corolla Symmetry and Its Variational Significance
Ting Zhou1,2,3, Wangxiang Zhang1,2,4, Donglin Zhang3
1College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
Frontiers in Plant Science
|May 28, 2020
Summary
Floral symmetry in Malus is quantified using a novel multi-dimensional matrix. Results show symmetry decreases from local to overall views, with species exhibiting higher symmetry than cultivars.
Area of Science:
- Plant genetics and evolution
- Floral morphology
- Quantitative biology
Background:
- Floral symmetry (corolla symmetry) is crucial for plant genetics and evolution.
- Quantifying floral symmetry is challenging due to its multi-dimensional nature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a quantitative method for assessing Malus corolla symmetry.
- To investigate the relationship between floral symmetry and taxonomic classification (species vs. cultivars).
Main Methods:
- Constructed a multi-dimensional data matrix [X Y Z] using three binary variables (corolla regularity, petal regularity, local petal regularity).
- Applied weighted assignments (X: 2^2, Y: 2^1, Z: 2^0) and binary-to-decimal conversion for quantitative analysis.
- Analyzed symmetry across different scales: overall corolla, individual petals, and local petal areas.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated a significant reduction in Malus corolla symmetry from local to overall perspectives.
- Observed higher degrees of corolla symmetry in species compared to cultivars.
- Found that strong corolla symmetry does not exclusively define species status.
Conclusions:
- The developed matrix model offers a unified approach to qualitative and quantitative floral symmetry analysis.
- Findings provide new insights for resolving taxonomic controversies within Malus species.
- The matrix model serves as a reference for evaluating angiosperm flower symmetry, particularly for flowers lacking corolla fusion.
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