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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the...
3.9K
Blood Pressure01:24

Blood Pressure

9.2K
The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
9.2K
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

1.0K
When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
1.0K
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

362
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Arterial Hypertension in Children.

Wolfgang Rascher1, Christian Paech2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. wolfgang.rascher@uk-erlangen.de.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|May 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Blocking the angiotensin system effectively lowers blood pressure in children, including those under six. These medications are safe for short-term use, offering a reliable treatment option for pediatric hypertension.

Keywords:
AntihypertensivesArterial hypertensionClinical trialsPediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Hypertension Management

Background:

  • Pharmacological treatment for pediatric arterial hypertension often relies on individual clinical experience.
  • Evidence suggests blocking the angiotensin system is effective and safe for children, even under six years old.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of various pharmacological agents for treating arterial hypertension in children.
  • To summarize the evidence for angiotensin system blockers, calcium channel antagonists, and beta-blockers in pediatric hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence and small-sized studies on antihypertensive medications in children.
  • Analysis of the effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin 1 receptor antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, and beta-blockers.

Main Results:

  • Angiotensin system blockers (ACE inhibitors, ARBs) effectively reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children.
  • While effective, these agents may not show a consistent dose-response relationship, though effective doses are established.
  • Calcium channel antagonists show efficacy, but supporting evidence is limited.
  • Beta-blockers offer modest systolic blood pressure reduction without significant diastolic effects compared to placebo and can counteract reflex tachycardia.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacological interventions, particularly those targeting the angiotensin system, provide effective treatment for pediatric hypertension.
  • Commonly used antihypertensive medications demonstrate safety for short-term use in pediatric populations.
  • Further research may be needed to solidify evidence for certain drug classes like calcium channel antagonists in children.