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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Meiosis II01:57

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Oogenesis02:07

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Cracked open: exploring attitudes on access to egg freezing.

Molly Johnston1, Giuliana Fuscaldo2, Nadine Maree Richings3

  • 1PhD candidate, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 3168.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
|May 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Women broadly support egg freezing (EF) for medical reasons, with significant backing for non-medical uses like finding a partner or career advancement. Public opinion suggests policies should consider access beyond just medical necessity.

Keywords:
ARTaccessegg freezingfertilityfertility preservationpublic opinionwomen’s health

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Bioethics
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Egg freezing (EF) technology offers enhanced reproductive choices for women.
  • Ethical and regulatory debates surround EF access, with global policy variations.
  • Lack of consensus exists on eligibility criteria and access to EF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate women's perspectives on accessing egg freezing for medical and non-medical reasons.
  • To understand public opinion on criteria for egg freezing eligibility.
  • To inform future policy development regarding EF access.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was conducted among 1,066 women aged 18-60 in Victoria, Australia.
  • Data was collected between April and May 2018.
  • Participants' views on medical and non-medical indications for EF were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Over 98% supported EF for medical fertility threats (e.g., chemotherapy).
  • Support for non-medical EF included: 75% for 'lack of suitable partner', 72% for 'financial insecurity', and 65% for 'career/educational advancement'.
  • Older women (≥40) showed less support for all non-medical EF indications compared to younger participants.

Conclusions:

  • Broad public support exists for egg freezing access.
  • Public views on non-medical EF indications vary, indicating a nuanced perspective beyond medical necessity.
  • Future policies may need to encompass a wider range of considerations for EF access, moving beyond a strict medical/non-medical dichotomy.