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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network
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Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

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Inflammatory Networks Linking Oral Microbiome with Systemic Health and Disease.

S E Kleinstein1, K E Nelson1, M Freire1

  • 1J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|May 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The oral microbiome, crucial for immune system interaction, can lead to disease when imbalanced (dysbiosis). Targeting immune-microbial markers may offer therapeutic strategies for oral and systemic health.

Keywords:
cytokinesdysbiosisinflammationinteractomeresolutionsystems biology

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • The oral cavity hosts a complex interplay between microbes and the immune system.
  • Technological advancements facilitate deep sequencing and analysis of oral microbial communities.
  • A healthy oral microbiome involves commensals in symbiosis, regulated by host and microbial metabolites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the oral microbiota's role in inflammation and systemic health.
  • To explore the complex host-microbial interactions in the oral cavity.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting immune-microbial markers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on oral microbiota and immune interactions.
  • Analysis of deep sequencing data for oral microbial communities.
  • Comparison of immune dysbiosis in human and mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Host-microbial networks can lead to oral dysbiosis and systemic health burdens.
  • Similarities exist between human and mouse immune dysbiosis, affecting pathobiont response.
  • Ongoing research examines host and microbial signatures for disease correlations.

Conclusions:

  • The oral microbiome significantly influences inflammation and systemic health.
  • Dysbiosis in the oral cavity can precede systemic health impacts.
  • Targeting specific immune-microbial markers presents a potential therapeutic avenue.