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Simultaneous Midface Advancement and Orthognathic Surgery: A Powerful Technique for Managing Midface Hypoplasia and
Jeffrey A Hammoudeh1, Pedram Goel1, Erik M Wolfswinkel1
1From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; and the Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles.
Background:
Midface hypoplasia dramatically affects the normative facial cascade. Simultaneous Le Fort III and Le Fort I procedures (Le Fort III/I) provide a powerful tool for achieving significant midface advancement. This study presents the authors' approach for addressing midface hypoplasia in the setting of class III malocclusion using Le Fort III/I advancement.
Methods:
This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of patients who underwent Le Fort III/I advancement at the authors' institution from 2009 to 2019. Demographic, surgical, and postoperative data were recorded. The authors' operative technique and surgical pearls are described.
Results:
Twenty-five patients met inclusion criteria, 15 male patients (60 percent) and 10 female patients (40 percent). Patient age ranged from 14.9 to 21.6 years. Diagnoses included Crouzon syndrome, nonsyndromic developmental skeletal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate, Klippel-Feil syndrome, Apert syndrome, Van den Ende-Gupta syndrome, and Pfeiffer syndrome. Le Fort III advancements averaged 6.18 ± 1.38 mm and Le Fort I advancements averaged 6.70 ± 2.48 mm. Thirteen patients underwent simultaneous bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with average movement of 5.85 ± 1.21 mm. Average follow-up was 1.3 ± 1.0 years. One patient experienced intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak that resolved with expectant management. Three patients experienced major complications (12 percent) postoperatively necessitating repeated orthognathic operations. Ten patients experienced minor complications (40 percent). Average length of stay was 10 days, with all patients achieving improvement of their facial profile.
Conclusions:
The authors' experience reaffirms the relative safety of simultaneous Le Fort III/I advancement. This technique should be considered in select patients with global midface retrusion and class III malocclusion.
Clinical Question/Level Of Evidence:
Therapeutic, IV.
