Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 20, 2025

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
Published on: March 2, 2015
Sex Differences in Relationships Between Perceived Coach-Induced Motivational Climates, Basic Psychological Needs,
F Rodrigues1,2,3, R Macedo4, L Cid1,3
1Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém).
Abstract:
This study analyzed independent and codependent effects of task- and ego-involving motivational climates on basic psychological need satisfaction and behavioral regulation (i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation) among young athletes. Participants were young Portuguese female (n = 114) and male (n = 324) swimmers, nested within four different clubs. Participants completed a multisection survey, assessing motivational climates, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and behavioral regulation. We used polynomial regression analysis with surface response methodology to analyze the interactions between these constructs. We found that perceived task- and ego-involving motivational climates were not mutually exclusive; rather, their relationship depended on how athletes perceived coaches' behaviors and how coaches emphasized one or both climates. Coaches who fostered both motivational climates promoted positive outcomes among male (but not female) athletes.
Related Concept Videos
Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory
Autonomy is the need to feel in control of one's actions and decisions. For example, a student who chooses their research topic is likely to be more engaged and motivated than one who...
Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Relationship Formation
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Motivational Cycle
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...

