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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
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Ankle control differentiation as a mechanism for mobility limitations.

Eric G James1, Jeffrey M Hausdorff2, Suzanne G Leveille3

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Neuroscience Letters
|May 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Independent ankle control, measured by Cross-Sample Entropy, is linked to better coordination and fewer mobility limitations in older adults. This suggests ankle differentiation is key for maintaining mobility and preventing coordination issues.

Keywords:
AnkleCoordinationDifferentiationMobility

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Independent control of the right and left ankles (differentiation) is a potential motor control mechanism.
  • Impaired coordination and mobility limitations are common in older adults.
  • Understanding the link between ankle differentiation and these impairments is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if ankle differentiation, measured by Cross-Sample Entropy, is associated with impaired coordination and mobility limitations in older adults.
  • To investigate the relationship between ankle coordination variability and ankle differentiation at different movement frequencies.
  • To determine if ankle differentiation predicts mobility limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 133 community-dwelling older adults (mean age ~80 years).
  • Ankle differentiation assessed using Cross-Sample Entropy during antiphase coordination at two frequencies.
  • Coordination variability measured, and mobility limitations assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).

Main Results:

  • Low ankle Cross-Sample Entropy (reduced differentiation) was associated with high ankle coordination variability at slower movement frequencies.
  • Low Cross-Sample Entropy at both slower and faster frequencies was associated with increased odds of mobility limitations (SPPB score ≤9).
  • The association between low differentiation and high coordination variability was not significant at faster frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Ankle differentiation appears to be a critical motor control mechanism.
  • Reduced ankle differentiation is linked to both impaired coordination and increased risk of mobility limitations in older adults.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that ankle differentiation plays a role in the relationship between coordination and mobility in aging populations.