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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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The Ring-Opening Polymerization-Polycondensation (ROPPOC) Approach to Cyclic Polymers.

Hans R Kricheldorf1, Steffen M Weidner2

  • 1Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, Hamburg, D-20146, Germany.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|May 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A novel ring-opening polymerization-polycondensation (ROPPOC) strategy enables cyclic polymer synthesis. This method forms chains with reactive ends, offering new pathways for creating polypeptides, polyesters, and polysiloxanes.

Keywords:
cyclizationpolycondensationring-opening polymerizationzwitterions

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cyclic polymers present unique properties and applications.
  • Existing synthetic methods have limitations in scope and control.
  • Ring-opening polymerization and polycondensation are established polymer synthesis techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and define the novel ring-opening polymerization-polycondensation (ROPPOC) concept.
  • Classify ROPPOC syntheses based on the nature of reactive chain ends.
  • Demonstrate the utility of ROPPOC for synthesizing various cyclic polymers.

Main Methods:

  • ROPPOC synthesis involving intermediate chain formation with reactive end groups.
  • Categorization of ROPPOC into three types based on ionic and covalent chain ends.
  • Review of published examples of cyclic polymer synthesis using ROPPOC.

Main Results:

  • ROPPOC syntheses can involve ionic-ionic, ionic-covalent, or covalent-covalent reactive chain ends.
  • Successful preparation of cyclic polypeptides, polyamides, polyesters (including polycarbonates), and cyclic polysiloxanes was demonstrated.
  • Certain ROPPOC results challenge the predictions of the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory.

Conclusions:

  • ROPPOC is a versatile strategy for synthesizing diverse cyclic polymers.
  • The ROPPOC method provides new insights into polymer cyclization mechanisms.
  • ROPPOC shows potential for detecting polydisperse catenanes.