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Exposure to dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and COVID-19 among people with type 2 diabetes: A case-control study

Gian Paolo Fadini1, Mario Luca Morieri1, Enrico Longato2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
|May 29, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (DPP-4is) were investigated for activity against COVID-19. Epidemiological data analysis found no evidence that DPP-4is affect hospitalization rates or disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coronaviruses utilize dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) for cell entry.
  • DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) are used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • A hypothesis suggested DPP-4is might offer protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential activity of DPP-4 inhibitors against COVID-19.
  • To analyze epidemiological data to support or refute the hypothesis on DPP-4is and COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of epidemiological data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients with T2D in Italy.
  • Comparison of DPP-4i exposure rates between COVID-19 patients and matched control groups.
  • Assessment of disease outcomes in T2D patients with COVID-19 based on DPP-4i use.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in DPP-4i exposure was observed between T2D patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and various matched control groups.
  • Disease outcomes for T2D patients with COVID-19 were similar regardless of DPP-4i treatment.
  • The study found no correlation between DPP-4i use and hospitalization for COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • The study found no evidence to support the hypothesis that DPP-4 inhibitors affect hospitalization for COVID-19.
  • DPP-4is do not appear to influence the course of COVID-19 disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • Further clinical trials are needed to definitively establish the role of DPP-4is in COVID-19.
Keywords:
antidiabetic drug, database research, DPP-4 inhibitor, pharmacoepidemiology

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