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Cumulative impact assessment for ecosystem-based marine spatial planning.

Linus Hammar1, Sverker Molander2, Jonas Pålsson1

  • 1Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, Gothenburg, Sweden.

The Science of the Total Environment
|May 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Marine spatial planning (MSP) can reduce cumulative environmental impacts by integrating ecosystem protection into decision-making. A new scenario component in Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) supports this by projecting impacts of different planning alternatives.

Keywords:
Cumulative impact assessmentDecision support toolEcosystem-based managementMarine spatial planningMultiple pressuresSymphony-tool

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Area of Science:

  • Marine spatial planning
  • Ecosystem-based management
  • Environmental impact assessment

Background:

  • Increasing ocean space claims conflict with marine ecosystem health due to human pressures like pollution and overfishing.
  • Ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP) is a global strategy to balance competing sector interests with environmental protection.
  • Marine planners require effective decision support tools to achieve the dual goals of economic development and environmental conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) model with a scenario component for projecting environmental impacts within MSP.
  • To integrate environmental considerations more effectively into strategic decision-making for marine spatial planning.
  • To assess the potential of MSP to reduce net cumulative environmental impacts in marine ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and integrated a scenario component into the existing Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) model.
  • Applied the enhanced CIA model within the Swedish ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP) process.
  • Analyzed projected environmental impacts for various planning alternatives in the North Sea and Baltic Sea.

Main Results:

  • The scenario-enabled CIA model successfully projected environmental impacts of different planning alternatives.
  • Results from Swedish MSP demonstrate that MSP can lower net cumulative environmental impact when environmental values are prioritized.
  • The CIA model synthesizes complex data into decision support, informing planners of likely environmental consequences of MSP options.

Conclusions:

  • Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) with a scenario component enables practical ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP).
  • MSP has the potential to mitigate cumulative environmental impacts, provided environmental values are prioritized and pressures are managed within the planning framework.
  • This approach strengthens the integration of environmental considerations into strategic marine management decisions.