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Related Concept Videos

MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

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A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
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When an archer pulls the string in a bow, he saves the work done in the form of elastic potential energy. When he releases the string, the potential energy is released as kinetic energy of the arrow. A capacitor works on the same principle in which the work done is saved as electric potential energy. The potential energy (UC) could be calculated by measuring the work done (W) to charge the capacitor.
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
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Energy Stored in Capacitors01:10

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A parallel plate capacitor, when connected to a battery, develops a potential difference across its plates. This potential difference is key to the operation of the capacitor, as it determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store.
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
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Ce(OH)3 as a novel negative electrode material for supercapacitors.

Xitong Liang1,2, Dongfeng Xue1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.

Nanotechnology
|May 29, 2020
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Summary

Cerium hydroxide, a rare-earth material, shows promise as a negative electrode for supercapacitors. Symmetrical and asymmetrical devices were successfully fabricated, demonstrating its potential for energy storage applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Supercapacitors require novel electrode materials with enhanced specific capacitances.
  • Rare-earth (RE) materials are of significant interest for catalysis and energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrochemical properties of synthesized rare-earth hydroxides (La, Ce, Pr, Nd) as potential electrode materials for supercapacitors.
  • To evaluate the suitability of Cerium hydroxide (Ce(OH)3) as a negative electrode material.

Main Methods:

  • In situ precipitation was used to synthesize a series of rare-earth hydroxides.
  • Electrochemical performance was assessed by assembling symmetrical and asymmetrical supercapacitors.
  • Cyclic voltammetry and other electrochemical techniques were employed to analyze redox behavior.

Main Results:

  • Cerium hydroxide (Ce(OH)3) exhibited redox peaks in both positive and negative potential ranges, unlike other tested rare-earth hydroxides (La, Pr, Nd) which showed peaks only in the positive range.
  • Symmetrical supercapacitors using Ce(OH)3 as both electrodes demonstrated a stable voltage window of 1.3 V.
  • Asymmetrical supercapacitors were successfully constructed with La(OH)3, Pr(OH)3, or Nd(OH)3 as positive electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • Cerium hydroxide is a viable candidate for negative electrode materials in supercapacitors.
  • The study highlights the potential of rare-earth hydroxides for advanced energy storage solutions.
  • These findings open avenues for developing new negative electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors.