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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

5.2K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.2K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.8K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.8K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

4.6K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.6K
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

10.8K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
10.8K
The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

59.1K
Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
59.1K
The Equilibrium Constant03:10

The Equilibrium Constant

55.1K
Consider the oxidation of sulfur dioxide:
55.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx
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Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx

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Nitrogen-Dioxide Remains a Valid Air Quality Indicator.

Hanns Moshammer1,2, Michael Poteser1, Michael Kundi1

  • 1Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|May 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution continues to be a significant health risk, even as diesel car technology advances. Our study shows NO2

Keywords:
diesel-powered vehiclesdieselgateindicatornitrogen dioxideproxyvienna

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epidemiology
  • Air pollution and health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a key air pollutant linked to health risks, but its role independent of particulate matter has been debated.
  • Industry claims suggest NO2 is merely a proxy for particulate matter from older diesel engines and may no longer be a relevant health indicator.
  • Austria's high diesel car prevalence (56%) makes understanding NO2's health impact crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the association between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total mortality has changed over time in Vienna.
  • To assess whether the introduction of particle filters in diesel vehicles has diminished the health impact of NO2.
  • To evaluate the stability of NO2's effect on mortality from 1987 to 2018.

Main Methods:

  • Time series analysis of daily total mortality and NO2 concentrations in Vienna from 1987 to 2018.
  • Assessment of moving 5-year periods to evaluate temporal trends in effect estimates.
  • Analysis of same-day and previous-day effects of NO2 on mortality.

Main Results:

  • Contrary to industry claims, effect estimates for NO2 on total mortality remained stable over the study period.
  • A consistent association was found: a 0.52% increase in total mortality per 10 µg/m³ increase in previous-day NO2 concentration (95% CI: 0.35-0.7%).
  • The findings indicate that NO2 remains a relevant indicator of health risks, irrespective of advancements in diesel engine technology.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) continues to be a significant predictor of daily mortality in Vienna.
  • The health risks associated with NO2 persist despite the widespread adoption of diesel particle filters.
  • Current NO2 limit values and health advisories should remain in place, as NO2's role as a health indicator is not invalidated by technological changes.