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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Hormonal Treatment Strategies Tailored to Non-Binary Transgender Individuals
Carlotta Cocchetti1, Jiska Ristori1, Alessia Romani1
1Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Introduction:
To date no standardized hormonal treatment protocols for non-binary transgender individuals have been described in the literature and there is a lack of data regarding their efficacy and safety.
Objectives:
To suggest possible treatment strategies for non-binary transgender individuals with non-standardized requests and to emphasize the importance of a personalized clinical approach.
Methods:
A narrative review of pertinent literature on gender-affirming hormonal treatment in transgender persons was performed using PubMed.
Results:
New hormonal treatment regimens outside those reported in current guidelines should be considered for non-binary transgender individuals, in order to improve psychological well-being and quality of life. In the present review we suggested the use of hormonal and non-hormonal compounds, which-based on their mechanism of action-could be used in these cases depending on clients' requests.
Conclusion:
Requests for an individualized hormonal treatment in non-binary transgender individuals represent a future challenge for professionals managing transgender health care. For each case, clinicians should balance the benefits and risks of a personalized non-standardized treatment, actively involving the person in decisions regarding hormonal treatment.
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