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Pneumocystis jirovecii in immunocompromised patients with rheumatic diseases

Paloma Vela Casasempere1, Paloma Ruiz Torregrosa2, Raquel García Sevila2

  • 1Sección de Reumatología. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. ISABIAL, Alicante, España; Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, España.

Reumatologia Clinica
|May 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia are increasingly affecting patients with systemic autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. This review covers its causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention for rheumatologists.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic autoimmune and rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are frequently complicated by infections.
  • Opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), are rising in SARD patients.
  • PJP is traditionally associated with HIV, transplant, and chemotherapy patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of PJP in patients with SARDs.
  • To equip rheumatologists with essential knowledge regarding PJP in their patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on PJP in SARDs.
  • Synthesis of information on PJP mechanisms, clinical features, and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • PJP is an emerging threat in SARDs, often presenting atypically.
  • Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Rheumatologists must be aware of PJP as a significant opportunistic infection in SARD patients.
  • Understanding PJP's specific considerations in this population is vital for effective patient care and improved morbidity/mortality outcomes.
Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseEnfermedad autoinmunitariaEnfermedad reumáticaImmunosuppressionInmunosupresiónPneumocystis jiroveciiProfilaxisProphylaxisRheumatic disease

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