Functional outcomes comparative analysis of cemented and uncemented total knee arthroplasty

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

• Cementless knee arthroplasty is increasingly popular globally.
• Early cementless implants had suboptimal outcomes, but advancements have improved results.
• Modern surgical techniques enhance the efficacy of cementless fixation in knee replacements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the outcomes of cementless total knee arthroplasty for advanced knee arthritis.
• To compare cementless fixation with cemented fixation in total knee arthroplasty.
• To analyze functional results, surgical duration, and blood loss.

Main Methods:

• A comparative study involving 130 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.
• 70 patients received cementless implants, while 60 received cemented implants.
• Outcomes were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scales, alongside blood loss and intervention duration measurements.

Main Results:

• Preoperative KOOS and WOMAC scores were comparable between cementless and cemented groups.
• One year post-surgery, cementless fixation yielded significantly better KOOS and WOMAC scores than cemented fixation (p < 0.05).
• Cementless procedures involved greater intraoperative and postoperative blood loss but had a shorter mean intervention duration (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

• Cementless fixation demonstrates superior functional outcomes in total knee arthroplasty.
• Increased blood loss is associated with cementless knee arthroplasty.
• Cementless total knee arthroplasty procedures are associated with reduced surgical times compared to cemented techniques.