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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Does resistance training increase aponeurosis width? The current results and future tasks.

Takashi Abe1, Scott Dankel2, Robert W Spitz3

  • 1Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Turner Center, University, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA. t12abe@gmail.com.

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|May 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Resistance training increases muscle size and fascicle length, but does not alter aponeurosis width. This finding suggests that the aponeurosis may not adapt to short-term muscle hypertrophy.

Keywords:
Aponeurosis sizeFascicle lengthMuscle architecturePennation angleResistance training

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Muscle anatomy
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The aponeurosis, a fibrous sheet for muscle attachment, may increase in size with resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy.
  • This potential increase in aponeurosis size could contribute to greater anatomical muscle cross-sectional area.
  • Changes in aponeurosis area following training have not been extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if muscle hypertrophy alters aponeurosis width after short-term resistance training.
  • To investigate the relationship between changes in aponeurosis width, anatomical cross-sectional area, pennation angle, and fascicle length.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of nine studies was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • Data on anatomical cross-sectional area (CSA), pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL) of the vastus lateralis muscle were extracted.
  • A modified equation was used to estimate changes in aponeurosis width (AW).

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in muscle CSA (2.73 cm²), pennation angle (1.21°), and fascicle length (0.36 cm) were observed.
  • These physiological adaptations resulted in an estimated 1% reduction in aponeurosis width.
  • The findings indicate a potential inverse relationship between muscle hypertrophy and aponeurosis width changes.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term resistance training leads to increases in muscle CSA, pennation angle, and fascicle length.
  • Aponeurosis width does not appear to change significantly following short-term resistance training.
  • The aponeurosis may not be a primary site of adaptation to resistance exercise in the short term.