Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 20, 2025
05:35
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
Published on: March 3, 2016
15.5K
Spatial inter-centromeric interactions facilitated the emergence of evolutionary new centromeres
Krishnendu Guin1, Yao Chen2, Radha Mishra1
1Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.
Elife
|May 30, 2020
Summary
Human pathogenic yeasts like Candida albicans evolved new centromeres (ENCs) from ancestral homogenized inverted repeat (HIR)-associated centromeres. This transition was likely driven by spatial proximity of centromeric DNA, facilitating rearrangements.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Yeast genetics
- Evolutionary biology
Background:
- Centromere formation varies across Candida species.
- Candida albicans has unique centromeres, while Candida tropicalis has homogenized inverted repeat (HIR)-associated centromeres.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the mechanism of centromere type transition in Candida species.
- Determine the evolutionary history of centromere organization in the CUG-Ser1 clade.
Main Methods:
- Improved genome assembly of Candida tropicalis using PacBio sequencing and 3C-seq.
- Analyzed 3D genome organization and identified inter-centromeric translocations.
- Examined centromere evolution in related Candida species.
Main Results:
- Constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly for C. tropicalis.
- Revealed spatial proximity of centromeres and telomeres in C. tropicalis.
- Found evidence of inter-centromeric translocations in the common ancestor of C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
- Identified loss of ancestral HIR centromeres and establishment of evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) in C. albicans.
Conclusions:
- Spatial proximity of centromeric DNA sequences likely facilitated karyotype rearrangements.
- This proximity promoted centromere type transitions in human pathogenic yeasts.
Keywords:
3D-genomeCUG-Ser1 cladeCandidachromosome segregationchromosomesevolutionary new centromeregene expressiongeneticsgenomicskaryotype rearrangementMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:30Histone Variants at the Centromere
4.8K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.8K
02:25Centrosome Duplication
4.7K
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
4.7K
01:13Centrioles and Centrosomes
4.9K
Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
4.9K
02:11Forces Acting on Chromosomes
3.7K
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
3.7K
02:57Attachment of Sister Chromatids
3.8K
As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
3.8K
02:50Spindle Assembly
4.1K
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
4.1K