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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
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Related Experiment Video

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Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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From infancy to adulthood-Developmental changes in pulmonary quantitative computed tomography parameters.

Joshua Gawlitza1, Frederik Trinkmann2, Franziska Trudzinski3

  • 1Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.

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Summary

Quantified computed tomography (qCT) reveals age-dependent lung changes in healthy individuals. Most qCT parameters plateau around adolescence, with contrast-enhanced scans potentially delaying this effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Pediatric Imaging

Background:

  • Quantified computed tomography (qCT) is established for assessing lung airflow obstruction and fibrosis.
  • Current literature lacks normative qCT values during human development.
  • This study addresses the gap by analyzing physiological qCT values in a healthy pediatric and adolescent cohort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine physiological qCT values in healthy individuals from infancy to adulthood.
  • To characterize age-dependent changes in qCT parameters during body development.
  • To compare qCT values between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 151 dose-optimized chest CT examinations.
  • Inclusion of healthy subjects aged 0-30 years.
  • Semi-automated quantification of lung volume, mean lung density, FWHM, and LAV.
  • Comparison of qCT values across age groups and imaging protocols.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in qCT parameters were observed between age groups up to 15 years (p < 0.05).
  • Most qCT parameters reached a plateau after age 15, with Low Attenuated Volume (LAV) being an exception.
  • Contrast-enhanced protocols (Group 2) showed a delayed plateau phase by approximately five years compared to unenhanced protocols (Group 1).

Conclusions:

  • qCT parameters exhibit distinct age-dependent dynamics during development.
  • A plateau in qCT values is generally reached around adolescence, except for LAV.
  • Contrast enhancement may influence the timing of this plateau.