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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
126
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

157
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
157
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

177
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?

Amber L Mueller1, Maeve S McNamara1, David A Sinclair1

  • 1Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 20115, USA.

Aging
|May 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Age significantly impacts COVID-19 outcomes, with older adults facing higher risks. Molecular differences explain why COVID-19 severity varies by age, guiding targeted treatments for better survival in elderly patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19agingcytokine stormepigenetic clockimmunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality disproportionately affect older adults.
  • While comorbidities are risk factors, age itself is an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • COVID-19 progression can lead to severe complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular distinctions between age groups that influence COVID-19 outcomes.
  • To explore the utility of biological age clocks and genetic testing in identifying at-risk individuals.
  • To propose novel therapeutic strategies targeting age-related immune dysregulation for improved COVID-19 survival.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of molecular profiles across young, middle-aged, and older individuals.
  • Review of existing literature on age-related disease mechanisms and COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • Discussion of potential therapeutic interventions based on identified age-related molecular differences.

Main Results:

  • Significant molecular differences exist between age groups, contributing to varied COVID-19 responses.
  • Biological age clocks show promise in conjunction with genetic data for risk stratification.
  • Age-related molecular changes impact immune regulation and infection clearance capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding age-related molecular changes is crucial for explaining COVID-19 severity.
  • Biological age and genetic factors can identify individuals at high risk for severe COVID-19.
  • Therapeutic strategies should focus on restoring immune function in older adults to enhance COVID-19 survival.