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Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness Are Associated with Lower Cognitive Function: A Panel Study.

Ryan McGrath1, Peggy M Cawthon2,3, Matteo Cesari4,5

  • 1Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|May 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry and weakness together may predict cognitive decline in older Americans. This combined presence significantly increases the odds of lower cognitive functioning, highlighting a crucial link for health monitoring.

Keywords:
agingfunctional lateralitygeriatric assessmentgeriatricsmuscle strength dynamometer

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Handgrip strength (HGS) is a potential indicator of overall health.
  • Examining HGS asymmetry and weakness together may improve prediction of health issues like cognitive impairment.
  • Previous research has not fully explored the combined impact of HGS asymmetry and weakness on cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry, weakness, and lower cognitive functioning.
  • To analyze these associations in a large, national sample of aging Americans.
  • To determine if combined HGS asymmetry and weakness have a greater impact on cognitive function than either factor alone.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 17,163 Americans aged 65+ from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2016).
  • Measured HGS using a dynamometer; defined weakness (men <26kg, women <16kg) and asymmetry (>10% difference between hands).
  • Employed covariate-adjusted linear mixed-effects models to analyze the relationship between HGS metrics and cognitive status (Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status).

Main Results:

  • Both HGS asymmetry and weakness were associated with increased odds of lower cognitive functioning.
  • The combination of HGS asymmetry and weakness showed the highest odds for lower cognitive functioning (1.95 for any asymmetry and weakness).
  • Specific patterns of asymmetry (dominant/nondominant) combined with weakness also significantly increased cognitive decline risk.

Conclusions:

  • The co-occurrence of handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry and weakness is a significant predictor of lower cognitive functioning.
  • This combined metric may serve as an early warning sign for accelerated cognitive decline in older adults.
  • Further research into interventions targeting HGS may be beneficial for maintaining cognitive health in aging populations.