A new system for in vitro studies of iontophoresis

This report describes a new iontophoretic diffusion cell that allows both electrodes to be applied to the same side of the same piece of skin. The cell permits a better approximation of the in vivo situation than do conventional side-by-side cells. The unique construction of the cell allows nonliquid material to be applied to the skin surface and makes it possible to investigate horizontal transport paths. Preliminary results utilizing the cell are described. Iontophoretic enhancement of morphine and clonidine delivery across full-thickness hairless mouse skin has been achieved. The importance of pH control in these experiments is apparent. Further experiments with morphine indicate that, for this drug at least, iontophoretically driven lateral transport within the skin is unimportant. Because the cell design allows significant parallels to the use of iontophoresis in vivo, we suggest that it will prove to be a useful tool in the determination of fundamental structure/transport relationships under the influence of an externally applied current.