Metal-derived nanoparticles in tumor theranostics: Potential and limitations

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Metal-derived nanoparticles were initially used for magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.
• Advances in green synthesis and surface modifications have expanded their biomedical applications, particularly in oncology.
• Metal nanoparticles are emerging as key tools for tumor theranostics, integrating diagnosis and therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the development and biomedical applications of metal-based nanoparticles for tumor theranostics.
• To analyze the effects of these nanoparticles on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment.
• To discuss strategies for improving the in vivo performance of metal nanoparticles in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of metal nanoparticle synthesis, modification, and application in oncology.
• Analysis of studies detailing nanoparticle interactions with tumor cells and microenvironment.
• Discussion of current limitations and future directions for metal nanoparticle theranostics.

Main Results:

• Metal nanoparticles have diverse applications in tumor imaging, diagnostics, and therapy.
• Their efficacy is influenced by core properties, surface modifications, and interactions within the tumor microenvironment.
• Despite progress, clinical translation is limited by safety, specificity, and efficiency concerns.

Conclusions:

• Metal nanoparticles hold significant promise for advancing tumor theranostics.
• Improving in vivo performance through enhanced safety, specificity, and efficiency is crucial for clinical approval.
• Continued research into nanoparticle design and targeted delivery is essential for realizing their full therapeutic potential.