Recent advances in digital image manipulation detection techniques: A brief review

A large number of digital photos are being generated and with the help of advanced image editing software and image altering tools, it is very easy to manipulate a digital image nowadays. These manipulated or tampered images can be used to delude the public, defame a person's personality and business as well, change political views or affect the criminal investigation. The raw image can be mutilated in parts or as a whole image so there is a need for detection of what type of image tampering is performed and then localize the tampered region. Initially, single handcrafted manipulated images were used to detect the only image tampering present in the image but in a real-world scenario, a single image can be mutilated by numerous image manipulation techniques. Nowadays, multiple tampering operations are performed on the image and post-processing is done to erase the traces left behind by the tampering operation, making it more difficult for the detector to detect the tampering. It is seen that the recent techniques that are used to detect image manipulation are based on deep learning methods. In this paper, more focus is on the study of various recent image manipulation detection techniques. We have examined various image forgeries that can be performed on the image and various image manipulation detection and localization methods.