Adaptation and Feasibility Testing of a Coping Skills Training Program for Chinese Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

To adapt an evidence-based coping skills training program to the cultural context and healthcare system for youth with T1D in China, and to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the modified program.

A multiphase process was used based on a heuristic framework for program modification. This included information gathering, preliminary adaptation, and feasibility evaluation.

In Stage 1, the coping skills training protocol was translated and evaluated for relevance by the stakeholders (youth diagnosed with T1D, parents, and healthcare providers). Recommendations for revisions and culturally relevant scenarios were identified. In Stage 2, the program was adapted for youth with a wider age range. Scenarios and logistics of the program were changed, and a session on blood glucose management was added to enhance cultural relevance. In Stage 3, the feasibility of the modified program was evaluated with 15 youth participants diagnosed with T1D (mean age: 13.88 years). Problem-solving coping and the self-efficacy of the youth improved over time (p < .05). High attendance, engagement, and satisfaction were achieved.

The CST-China program has the potential to provide Chinese youth with T1D an interactive and engaging program to improve health outcomes. The adaptation process of a CST program can provide a reference for pediatric nurses to develop programs which are culturally relevant, acceptable to stakeholders, and aligned with the healthcare system in China.

A coping skills training program was systematically adapted and aligned to the healthcare system in China, with evidence of feasibility and acceptability in Chinese youth with T1D.