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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Mouse Pups by Means of Gentle Handling
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Going gentle into that pathogen-induced goodnight.

Brian Lovett1, Raymond J St Leger2, Henrik H de Fine Licht3

  • 1Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
|June 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pathogens manipulate insect behavior, causing "summit disease" for higher fitness. This study proposes a new framework categorizing summit disease into juvenile and adult types, exploiting insect quiescence.

Keywords:
Extended phenotypeMoltingOphiocordycepsQuiescenceSleepSummit diseaseZombie ants

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Pathogen-Host Interactions
  • Insect Pathology

Background:

  • Many pathogens evolve extended phenotypes to manipulate insect host behavior.
  • Summit disease, where pathogens elevate host positioning at death, enhances pathogen fitness.
  • Existing research on summit disease is limited, lacking a unifying theoretical framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cohesive theoretical framework for understanding insect summit disease systems.
  • To propose a classification of summit disease into juvenile and adult types.
  • To identify future research directions for insect behavioral manipulation by pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of existing literature on diverse summit disease systems.
  • Development of a conceptual framework based on host life stages and behavioral exploitation.
  • Comparative analysis across different pathogen-insect interactions.

Main Results:

  • Proposal of two distinct categories of summit disease: juvenile and adult.
  • Identification of exploitation of natural insect behaviors during quiescence as a common mechanism.
  • Demonstration that this framework accommodates various known summiting systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework provides a unified understanding of summit disease mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending pathogen-host dynamics and evolution.
  • Further research is needed to experimentally validate the proposed classifications and mechanisms.