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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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The infant microbiome and implications for central nervous system development.

Emilee Parsons1, Katerina Claud1, Elaine O Petrof2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|June 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The infant microbiome influences brain development, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. Research is ongoing to understand this connection for better outcomes in premature infants.

Keywords:
MicrobiomeMicrobiotaNeonatePrematurity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental impairment is common in premature infants.
  • The microbiome's role in neurodevelopment is increasingly recognized, but mechanisms are poorly understood.
  • Factors like delivery mode, feeding, and medications shape the infant microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between the infant microbiome and neurodevelopment.
  • To investigate the bidirectional communication pathways between the microbiome and the brain.
  • To identify potential targets for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing animal models, particularly germ-free mice, to study microbiome-brain interactions.
  • Analyzing neural, hormonal, and immunologic communication pathways.
  • Reviewing factors influencing the developing infant microbiome.

Main Results:

  • The microbiome significantly impacts neurodevelopment, with distinct effects in premature versus term infants.
  • Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain is established via multiple pathways.
  • Germ-free mouse models provide insights into microbiome-dependent neurodevelopmental processes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the microbiome-brain axis is crucial for addressing neurodevelopmental impairments in premature infants.
  • Further research into the intricate relationship between the microbiome and brain development is a priority.
  • Interventions targeting the infant microbiome may improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.