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Antifungal resistance on Sporothrix species: an overview

Stefanie Bressan Waller1, Daiane Flores Dalla Lana2, Priscilla Maciel Quatrin3

  • 1Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil. waller.stefanie@yahoo.com.br.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology : [Publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
|June 2, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antifungal resistance in Sporothrix species is emerging, with non-wild-type strains showing resistance to common antifungals. Mechanisms include melanin production and genetic mutations, necessitating further research for new treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Sporotrichosis treatment relies on antifungal agents.
  • Antifungal-resistant Sporothrix species strains are increasingly reported.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the development of antifungal resistance in Sporothrix species.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying this resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published data from 2008-2019.
  • Databases searched: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar.
  • Analysis of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Non-wild-type strains of S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis exhibited resistance to itraconazole, amphotericin B, terbinafine, and voriconazole.
  • Identified potential resistance mechanisms: melanin production (DHN-melanin, L-DOPA melanin, pyomelanin), low genetic diversity (abnormal chromosome number), and cytochrome P450 mutations.
  • These non-wild-type strains require increased attention for antifungal control.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro antifungal resistance in Sporothrix species is confirmed.
  • Melanin production, genetic diversity, and cytochrome P450 mutations are probable mechanisms for resistance.
  • Further research into gene expression is needed to identify new therapeutic targets for sporotrichosis.
Keywords:
Antifungal resistanceGene expressionGenetic diversityMelaninMutationSporothrix speciesSporotrichosis

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