Endovascular Embolization of a Previously Treated Renal Arteriovenous Malformation Presenting With Gross Hematuria

Renal arteriovenous shunts are direct communications between the supplying artery and draining vein without the presence of an intervening capillary bed. They can be traumatic or nontraumatic. Coils can be used for embolization of feeding arteries; however, they do not treat the nidus directly. We report a case in which proximal coil placement in feeding arteries led to recanalization of the renal AV shunt through collaterals, resulting in recurrent hematuria. The case was subsequently managed by embolizing the nidus by N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate glue.