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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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A complex dual-modality kidney phantom for renal biopsy studies.

Jose Vargas1, Phuc Le1, Maysam Shahedi1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, The Univ. of Texas at Dallas, TX.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|June 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created realistic kidney phantoms for biopsy training. These phantoms accurately mimic kidney structures and lesions, improving ultrasound and CT imaging for interventional procedures.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingcomputed tomography (CT)image segmentationkidney phantommold castingrenal biopsythree-dimensionalultrtasound imaging (US)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Developing accurate phantoms is crucial for training in image-guided interventions.
  • Existing phantoms often lack the complex anatomical detail and tunable visibility required for realistic simulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reliable and repeatable process for creating hyper-realistic kidney phantoms.
  • To ensure tunable image visibility under both ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) imaging.
  • To create phantoms suitable for renal biopsy evaluation and training.

Main Methods:

  • A methodology was defined to create kidney phantoms with distinct cortex, medulla, and ureter structures.
  • Integrated lesions were incorporated to simulate tumors for biopsy practice.
  • Phantoms were fabricated and scanned using US and CT to assess internal structure visibility and material interactions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed hyper-realistic kidney phantoms with tunable visibility in US and CT.
  • The phantoms accurately replicated critical kidney anatomical structures and simulated lesions.
  • Verified the visibility of complex internal structures and observed material property interactions.

Conclusions:

  • This work represents an advancement in creating materials with ideal acoustic and impedance properties for organ replication.
  • The developed kidney phantoms offer a valuable tool for image-guided interventions and renal biopsy training.
  • The methodology provides a foundation for creating advanced, organ-specific phantoms for medical simulation.