Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

305
Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
305
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

1.3K
Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
1.3K
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

2.3K
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
2.3K
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

1.7K
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
1.7K
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

1.4K
Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
1.4K
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

2.5K
Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Simultaneous Prevention of Multiple Diseases: A "One Ring to Rule Them All" Framework for Redox-Driven Health and Longevity.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Design, synthesis, and biological profiling of fluorinated cannabidiol and cannabigerol derivatives as promising therapeutic agents.

Journal of cannabis research·2026
Same author

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Modulation of Oxidative Stressors to Enhance Healthspan and Radical Longevity.

Biomolecules·2025
Same author

A new cannabigerol derivative, LE-127/2, induces autophagy mediated cell death in human cutaneous melanoma cells.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2024
Same author

Evolving Strategies for Use of Phytochemicals in Prevention and Long-Term Management of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD).

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Effects of H<sub>2</sub>S-donor ascorbic acid derivative and ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in isolated rat hearts.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
10:39

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding

Published on: August 30, 2024

1.2K

ArrhythmoGenoPharmacoTherapy.

Arpad Tosaki1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|June 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how ion channel changes and action potentials (AP) influence ventricular arrhythmias. It examines electrocardiograms (ECGs), reperfusion mediators, and drug therapies for managing these cardiac events.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ventricular arrhythmias are influenced by ion channel function and myocardial cell transmembrane potential.
  • Cellular ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+) and ion channel gating dynamics are crucial for cardiac action potentials (AP) and heart function.
  • Pacemaker activity, driven by sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes, manifests as electrocardiogram (ECG) waves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand factors governing ventricular arrhythmias, including ion channel roles in APs.
  • To explore the link between APs, ECGs, and arrhythmogenesis.
  • To review arrhythmogenic mediators of reperfusion and pharmacological strategies for their attenuation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ion channel-related changes affecting cardiac action potentials (AP).
Keywords:
action potential (AP)arrhythmia < cardiovascularelectrocardiogram (ECG)geneticsischemia—reperfusiontherapy -

More Related Videos

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats
05:12

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats

Published on: February 14, 2022

3.6K
Dual-Dye Optical Mapping of Hearts from RyR2R2474S Knock-In Mice of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
09:36

Dual-Dye Optical Mapping of Hearts from RyR2R2474S Knock-In Mice of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Published on: December 22, 2023

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
10:39

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding

Published on: August 30, 2024

1.2K
Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats
05:12

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats

Published on: February 14, 2022

3.6K
Dual-Dye Optical Mapping of Hearts from RyR2R2474S Knock-In Mice of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
09:36

Dual-Dye Optical Mapping of Hearts from RyR2R2474S Knock-In Mice of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Published on: December 22, 2023

1.6K
  • Evaluation of electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics in relation to arrhythmias.
  • Review of mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic/reperfused myocardium.

    • Main Results:

    • Ion channel activity and transmembrane potential changes directly impact AP generation and cardiac rhythm.
    • APs and ECGs are critical indicators for understanding arrhythmogenesis and evaluating antiarrhythmic drug mechanisms.
    • Specific ion channel behaviors and reperfusion mediators contribute significantly to ventricular arrhythmia development.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding electrophysiological properties, including AP and ECG changes, is key to classifying antiarrhythmic drugs.
    • Pharmacological interventions targeting ion channels and reperfusion mediators can attenuate ventricular arrhythmias.
    • This review provides insights into antiarrhythmic drug potential in experimental and clinical settings for managing ventricular arrhythmias.