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Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Cephalosporin-resistant typhoid.

Noella Maria Delia Pereira1, Ira Shah1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India.

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|June 2, 2020
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Summary

An 8-month-old boy with invasive Salmonella typhi disease resistant to common antibiotics highlights the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Early vaccination and improved sanitation are crucial to combat this public health challenge.

Keywords:
Typhoidearly vaccinationfluoroquinolone resistanceinfancy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Typhoid fever is a significant public health concern in developing nations, particularly India.
  • Emerging antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates, especially to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, poses a therapeutic challenge.

Observation:

  • An 8-month-old boy presented with invasive Salmonella typhi disease.
  • Blood cultures revealed Salmonella typhi resistant to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins but sensitive to ampicillin-sulbactam and cotrimoxazole.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated an aseptic meningitis.

Findings:

  • The patient was successfully treated with intravenous meropenem and azithromycin.
  • This case demonstrates a Salmonella typhi strain with reduced susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics.

Implications:

  • Highlights the urgent need for enhanced environmental sanitation and hygiene practices.
  • Emphasizes the importance of early typhoid fever vaccination and robust antimicrobial stewardship programs.
  • Underscores the critical need to monitor and combat rising antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella typhi infections.