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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Visually Sexing Loggerhead Shrike Lanius Ludovicianus Using Plumage Coloration and Pattern

Visually Sexing Loggerhead Shrike Lanius Ludovicianus Using Plumage Coloration and Pattern

Published on: March 8, 2020

Non-parallel changes in songbird migration timing are not explained by changes in stopover duration.

Nicholas N Dorian¹, Trevor L Lloyd-Evans², J Michael Reed¹

¹Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.

|June 2, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Songbird migration timing is shifting, with spring migration advancing and fall migration delaying. Stopover duration did not explain these changes, suggesting other factors influence migration timing. Further research should examine the full phenological distribution.

Keywords:

Bird banding Cormack–Jolly–Seber Hierarchical models Mark-recapture Phenology Quantile regresision Stopover duration

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Area of Science:

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Ornithology
Phenology

Background:

Shifts in animal migration timing are widely observed but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Stopover duration, the time birds spend refueling, is hypothesized to influence migration timing.
Understanding these shifts is crucial for conservation and predicting ecological responses to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

To test if changes in stopover duration drive shifts in songbird migration timing.
To analyze long-term trends in spring and fall migration timing and passage duration.
To investigate the relationship between stopover duration and observed changes in migration phenology.

Main Methods:

Analysis of a 46-year bird banding dataset from Massachusetts, USA.
Utilized quantile regression to detect changes in early, late, and median migration timing.
Examined trends in passage duration and stopover duration across multiple songbird species.

Main Results:

Median spring migration advanced by 1.04 days per decade, with parallel shifts in early and late arrivals, resulting in stable passage duration.
Median fall migration delayed by 0.80 days per decade, primarily driven by late-arriving birds, increasing fall passage duration by 0.45 days per decade.
Stopover duration trends were weak and negative, failing to explain observed changes in passage duration.

Conclusions:

Changes in stopover duration do not appear to be the primary driver of observed migration timing shifts in this study.
Factors such as population age structure, geographic variation, or resource availability may influence fall migration passage duration.
Evaluating phenological shifts across the entire distribution, not just the mean, is critical for future migration studies.