Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

978
In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
978
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

6.2K
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall....
6.2K
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

3.4K
Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a...
3.4K
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

2.5K
An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
2.5K
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors01:13

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

1.6K
Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...
1.6K
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

1.2K
In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Historical Review of Encircling Laser Retinopexy as a Prophylaxis for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment; and a Commentary on Recent Progress in Stickler Syndrome.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)·2026
Same author

RE: Camp DA, Bakhsh SR, Torkashvand A, et al. Laser prophylaxis for retinal detachment in Stickler syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2025 May 15. doi: 10.1111/aos.17509. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40370211.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026
Same author

Subacute Terson Syndrome in a Patient With Monocular Vision After Craniofacial Ballistic Injury.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026
Same author

Can Laser Retinopexy Prevent Retinal Detachment in Asymptomatic, High-Risk Eyes?

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)·2025
Same author

Characterization and Biolubricant Performance of Marinobacter alanticus Lipid Extract.

Biotechnology journal·2025
Same author

Vitrectomy as a Prevention for Retinal Detachment in High-Risk Eyes.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography
08:22

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: May 15, 2020

8.0K

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography.

Rachel D Deese1, Robert E Morris2, Mark Romanczyk3

  • 1U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; NRC Research Associateships Programs; rachel.deese.ctr@nrl.navy.mil.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|June 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Detecting nitrogen compounds in fuels is vital for stability. A novel two-dimensional gas chromatography with a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (GCxGC-NCD) method effectively characterizes these trace compounds without interference.

More Related Videos

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes
07:49

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

Published on: August 5, 2016

11.1K
Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
11:44

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 6, 2016

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography
08:22

Nitrogen Compound Characterization in Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: May 15, 2020

8.0K
On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes
07:49

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

Published on: August 5, 2016

11.1K
Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
11:44

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 6, 2016

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Petroleum Chemistry

Background:

  • Nitrogen-containing compounds in fuels can lead to storage instability.
  • Measuring trace nitrogen compounds in complex fuel matrices is challenging due to interferences.
  • Conventional methods like GC-MS face limitations with background effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for specific and quantitative measurement of trace nitrogen compounds in fuels.
  • To overcome limitations of existing analytical techniques for fuel analysis.
  • To enhance the understanding of nitrogen compounds' impact on fuel stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) for superior separation.
  • Employed a nitrogen-specific detector, nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD), to avoid hydrocarbon background.
  • Developed a method requiring minimal sample preparation for fuel analysis.

Main Results:

  • The GCxGC-NCD method effectively characterized nitrogen compounds without background interference.
  • Achieved % relative standard deviation (RSD) <5% for intraday and <10% for interday analyses.
  • Reported a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 ppm and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 5.5 ppm.

Conclusions:

  • The GCxGC-NCD method is a valuable tool for analyzing nitrogen-containing compounds in fuels.
  • This technique enhances the understanding of fuel composition and its effect on stability.
  • The method offers sensitive and reliable quantification of trace nitrogen species in fuel matrices.