MixONat, a Software for the Dereplication of Mixtures Based on ¹³C NMR Spectroscopy

Whether chemists or biologists, researchers dealing with metabolomics require tools to decipher complex mixtures. As a part of metabolomics and initially dedicated to identifying bioactive natural products, dereplication aims at reducing the usual time-consuming process of known compounds isolation. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance are the most commonly reported analytical tools during dereplication analysis. Though it has low sensitivity, ¹³C NMR has many advantages for such a study. Notably, it is nonspecific allowing simultaneous high-resolution analysis of any organic compounds including stereoisomers. Since NMR spectrometers nowadays provide useful data sets in a reasonable time frame, we have embarked upon writing software dedicated to ¹³C NMR dereplication. The present study describes the development of a freely distributed algorithm, namely MixONat and its ability to help researchers decipher complex mixtures. Based on Python 3.5, MixONat analyses a {¹H}-¹³C NMR spectrum optionally combined with DEPT-135 and 90 data-to distinguish carbon types (i.e., CH₃, CH₂, CH, and C)-as well as a MW filtering. The software requires predicted or experimental carbon chemical shifts (δc) databases and displays results that can be refined based on user interactions. As a proof of concept, this ¹³C NMR dereplication strategy was evaluated on mixtures of increasing complexity and exhibiting pharmaceutical (poppy alkaloids), nutritional (rosemary extracts) or cosmetics (mangosteen peel extract) applications. Associated results were compared with other methods commonly used for dereplication. MixONat gave coherent results that rapidly oriented the user toward the correct structural types of secondary metabolites, allowing the user to distinguish between structurally close natural products, including stereoisomers.