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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Published on: May 24, 2019

Paper-based ITP technology: An application to specific cancer-derived exosome detection and analysis.

Shuang Guo¹, Jie Xu², Alexander Pettit Estell¹

¹Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics

|June 2, 2020

Summary

A new paper-based isotachophoresis (ITP) technology enables rapid isolation and multiplex detection of cancer exosomes for early diagnosis. This cost-effective method offers superior sensitivity compared to ELISA for point-of-care applications.

Keywords:

Biomarker Exosomes Isotachophoresis Lateral flow Prostate cancer

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Exosomes from cancer cells show promise for early cancer diagnostics.
Current methods lack cost-effective multiplexing for exosome isolation and analysis.
Technical barriers hinder the clinical exploration of exosome-based diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

Develop a paper-based isotachophoresis (ITP) technology for exosome analysis.
Enable rapid isolation and identification of exosomes from malignant and healthy cells.
Achieve multiplex detection of exosomal protein biomarkers for comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

Integrated isotachophoresis (ITP) focusing with paper-based lateral flow.
On-board separation of target exosomes from extracellular vesicles.
Electrokinetic enrichment for ultrasensitive exosome detection and biomarker profiling.

Main Results:

Simultaneous detection of cancer and normal exosomes at concentrations as low as 1.2-2.0 × 10^6 exosomes/mL.
Achieved a limit of detection over 30-fold better than enhanced ELISA.
Demonstrated rapid profiling of exosomal protein biomarkers.

Conclusions:

The developed ITP technology overcomes technical barriers in exosome analysis.
This platform offers a cost-effective, ultrasensitive approach for comprehensive exosome analysis.
Represents a significant step towards point-of-care diagnostics using tumor-derived exosomes.