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SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing-questions to be asked.
Mustafa K Özçürümez1, Andreas Ambrosch2, Oliver Frey3
1Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Medical Clinic at the University Medical Center Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|June 2, 2020
Summary
Understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody tests is crucial for managing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review clarifies test interpretation factors like sensitivity, specificity, and isotype value for accurate diagnostics and epidemiology.
Area of Science:
- Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine
- Infectious disease diagnostics
- Immunology
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a significant global health challenge.
- Laboratory diagnostics and immunity assessment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are vital for pandemic control.
- There is a growing demand for antibody testing, with numerous tests available or in development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address the complexities in interpreting SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results.
- To provide guidance on the diagnostic and epidemiological use of antibody testing.
- To consolidate current data on SARS-CoV-2 serological assays.
Main Methods:
- Review of currently available data sets on SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing.
- Analysis of factors influencing test interpretation, including sensitivity and specificity.
- Discussion of antibody isotypes, cross-reactivity, and cross-protectivity.
Main Results:
- Interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests is influenced by multiple variables.
- Factors such as sensitivity, specificity, cross-reactivity, and isotype diagnostics are critical.
- The utility of antibody testing varies for identifying acutely ill patients versus epidemiological surveillance.
Conclusions:
- Accurate interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests requires careful consideration of various factors.
- Standardized approaches are needed for reliable diagnostic and epidemiological applications.
- Further research and data consolidation are essential in this rapidly evolving field.
