An integrated model of multimorbidity and symptom science

Area of Science:

• Clinical Science
• Health Services Research
• Patient-Centered Care

Background:

• Multiple chronic conditions (MCC) are prevalent and complex, necessitating a shift from single-disease focus to MCC and symptom consideration.
• Symptoms are integral to MCC science but are often overlooked in multimorbidity research and literature.
• Current clinical practice is evolving to address the complexity of patients with MCC.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce an Integrated Model of Multimorbidity and Symptom Science.
• To provide a framework for understanding the interplay between multiple conditions and symptoms.
• To guide future research and clinical practice in the field of multimorbidity.

Main Methods:

• A critical integrative review and synthesis process was employed.
• The methodology focused on integrating existing knowledge on MCC and symptom science.
• This approach allowed for the development of a comprehensive theoretical model.

Main Results:

• The proposed model consists of three primary domains: Contributing/Risk Factors, Symptom/Disease/Treatment Interactions, and Patient Outcomes.
• It highlights the multilevel nature of contributing factors influencing MCC.
• The model emphasizes the recursive interactions among multiple etiologies, conditions, symptoms, therapies, and outcomes.

Conclusions:

• The Integrated Model of Multimorbidity and Symptom Science offers a novel framework for research and clinical practice.
• It underscores the importance of considering symptoms alongside multiple chronic conditions.
• This model can advance the science of multimorbidity by integrating symptom science for improved patient outcomes.