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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Machine learning uncovers cell identity regulator by histone code.

Bo Xia1,2,3,4, Dongyu Zhao1,2,3,4, Guangyu Wang1,2,3,4

  • 1Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.

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|June 3, 2020
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces CEFCIG, an AI framework identifying cell identity genes and their regulators. This advances regenerative medicine by improving our understanding of cell identity and regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Cellular reprogramming holds promise for regenerative medicine.
  • Identifying cell identity genes (CIGs) and their regulatory mechanisms is crucial but challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an AI-driven framework (CEFCIG) for discovering CIGs and their master regulators.
  • To elucidate the regulatory network of identity genes across diverse cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Machine learning applied to epigenetic profiles.
  • Identification of unique histone codes associated with CIG transcriptional regulation.
  • Prediction of CIGs and master regulators using learned histone codes.

Main Results:

  • CEFCIG accurately predicts CIGs and their master regulators.
  • Analysis of 1,005 epigenetic profiles revealed extensive regulatory networks for identity genes.
  • Unique histone codes were identified for transcriptional regulation of CIGs.

Conclusions:

  • CEFCIG provides a powerful technique for uncovering cell identity regulators.
  • This work enhances understanding of cell identity regulation, facilitating regenerative medicine applications.