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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

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Cytotoxic Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro
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HER2-Targeted Therapy in Osteosarcoma.

Jonathan Gill1, Pooja Hingorani1, Michael Roth1

  • 1Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

HER2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2) is expressed in some osteosarcoma patients but isn't prognostic. HER2-targeted therapies show mixed results, with CAR T-cells suggesting promise for osteosarcoma treatment.

Keywords:
Antibody–drug conjugatesCAR T cellsHER2PathogenesisPrognostic markersTargeted therapyTrastuzumab

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is a protein implicated in various cancers.
  • Its role and prognostic significance in osteosarcoma remain subjects of investigation and debate.
  • Understanding HER2 expression is crucial for developing targeted therapies in osteosarcoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing studies on HER2 in osteosarcoma.
  • To discuss controversies surrounding HER2 expression and its prognostic value.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapeutic approaches in osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials and studies investigating HER2 in osteosarcoma.
  • Analysis of data from trials using trastuzumab (antibody) and HER2-targeted CAR T-cells.
  • Discussion of ongoing and proposed trials, including antibody-drug conjugates.

Main Results:

  • HER2 is expressed in a subset of osteosarcoma patient samples, but this expression is not considered prognostic.
  • Trastuzumab (an antibody) showed no significant activity in osteosarcoma trials.
  • A smaller study indicated potential activity for HER2-targeted CAR T-cells in osteosarcoma.

Conclusions:

  • HER2-targeted therapies in osteosarcoma have yielded mixed results.
  • HER2-targeted CAR T-cells show preliminary promise, warranting further investigation.
  • Broader strategies targeting surface proteins may offer new therapeutic avenues for osteosarcoma.