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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Inversion Symmetry Breaking in Lithium Intercalated Graphitic Materials.

Ganying Zeng1, Renyan Zhang1,2,3, Yizhen Sui1

  • 1College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium intercalation breaks inversion symmetry in ultrathin graphite, creating tunable nonlinear optical properties. This discovery enables new 2D materials for optical devices.

Keywords:
LiC6grapheneintercalationinversion symmetry breakingsecond-harmonic generation (SHG)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Intercalation offers a unique method for tuning the properties of 2D materials.
  • Two-dimensional materials are ideal for studying electronic states like superconductivity and ferromagnetism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate and investigate inversion symmetry breaking in lithium-intercalated ultrathin graphite.
  • To explore the tunability of nonlinear optical properties in lithiated graphite.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) to detect inversion symmetry breaking.
  • Employing electrochemical lithiation to control the intercalation process and material properties.

Main Results:

  • Inversion symmetry breaking was observed in lithium-intercalated ultrathin graphite (20-100 layers).
  • This effect is attributed to nanoscale inhomogeneities like lattice distortion and dislocations.
  • Second-harmonic generation signal efficiency is tunable via electrochemical lithiation.
  • Fully lithiated graphite (LiC6) exhibits SHG efficiency comparable to other noncentrosymmetric 2D crystals.

Conclusions:

  • A novel intercalation-induced inversion symmetry breaking effect in 2D materials was revealed.
  • This finding opens possibilities for developing 2D intercalated compounds for nonlinear optical devices.