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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Cognitive Training Attenuates Decline in Physical Function Across 10 Years.

Briana N Sprague1, Christine B Phillips2, Lesley A Ross1,3

  • 1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|June 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive training showed small, long-term benefits for physical function, particularly in reducing decline in the Turn 360 test. Depressive symptoms moderated gains in processing speed training for physical function.

Keywords:
Cognitive interventionsGrip strengthHealthy older adultsLower limb function

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Poor physical function is linked to adverse health and cognitive outcomes in older adults.
  • While cognitive training shows promise for immediate physical function improvements, long-term effects are less understood.
  • Previous research has not extensively explored the 10-year impact of cognitive interventions on physical function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the 10-year impact of three distinct cognitive training programs on physical function.
  • To investigate if baseline cognitive self-efficacy or depressive symptoms influence the effectiveness of cognitive training on physical function.
  • To extend the understanding of cognitive training's long-term effects beyond immediate post-intervention changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) randomized controlled trial.
  • Compared a no-contact control group (n=698) with participants receiving processing speed, memory, or reasoning training (n=702, 703, 694 respectively).
  • Employed intention-to-treat (ITT) and dosage analyses for grip strength and Turn 360, with follow-up up to 10 years post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • No significant intention-to-treat effects were found for any cognitive training on physical function outcomes.
  • Dosage analyses revealed small, significant age-related attenuation in Turn 360 decline with increased training in processing speed, memory, and reasoning.
  • Processing speed training showed greater gains for individuals with higher baseline depressive symptoms; no significant transfer to grip strength was observed.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of cognitive training's effects on complex physical function over a 10-year period.
  • Cognitive training, particularly processing speed, may offer modest long-term benefits in slowing physical function decline, especially for those with depressive symptoms.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and optimize cognitive interventions for sustained physical function benefits in aging.