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Composite masonry walls combine multiple wythes of the same or different masonry materials to create a unified structure. These walls feature wythes that are bonded together either through mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or more commonly, with rigid metal ties and reinforcements, with the use of masonry header units being rare. Metal ties are preferred because they effectively minimize water penetration, as these walls primarily absorb moisture and then release it into the...
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In hot, dry climates, the thermal mass of masonry walls can be beneficial, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, thereby stabilizing indoor temperatures. However, in most other climates, additional insulation is necessary to enhance thermal resistance.
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Post-tensioned masonry walls use high-strength steel rods or flexible tendons to enhance the strength and efficiency of masonry structures. These elements are securely anchored to the foundation and extend vertically either within the cores of the masonry units or between the masonry wythes. The construction process involves building the wall with these tensioning elements in place and allowing the mortar to fully cure.
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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties
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Polypropylene as a Retrofitting Material for Shear Walls.

Enea Mustafaraj1, Yavuz Yardim2, Marco Corradi3,4

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, EPOKA University, 1039 Tirana, Albania.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polypropylene fibers in a cementitious matrix significantly enhance the structural performance of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls. However, polypropylene nets did not improve the performance of cracked URM shear walls.

Keywords:
earthquake engineeringmasonry retrofitting methodsmasonry structuresmechanical testingpolypropylene fiberspolypropylene net

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Structural Engineering

Background:

  • Composite materials like epoxy-bonded fibers are used for reinforcing unreinforced masonry (URM) walls.
  • Epoxy adhesives have limitations regarding long-term behavior and masonry compatibility.
  • Research is exploring alternative fibers and matrices for masonry strengthening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of polypropylene reinforcement in URM shear walls.
  • To evaluate the influence of short polypropylene fibers and polypropylene nets on structural performance.
  • To assess improvements in lateral load capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental program subjected nine URM wall panels to in-plane loads using a racking test setup.
  • Two types of polypropylene products were tested: short fibers (12 mm length) and nets.
  • Fibers and nets were embedded into an inorganic (cementitious) matrix.

Main Results:

  • Two layers of polypropylene fibers significantly increased the in-plane load capacity of brickwork masonry.
  • Polypropylene fibers enhanced the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of URM walls.
  • Polypropylene nets, when used for repairing cracked shear walls, did not improve structural performance.

Conclusions:

  • Short polypropylene fibers, when embedded in a cementitious matrix, offer a viable alternative for strengthening URM walls.
  • Polypropylene nets are ineffective for improving the structural performance of cracked URM shear walls.
  • The study highlights the potential of fiber-reinforced inorganic matrices for masonry retrofitting.