Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of a Scaffold-Free Acoustic Assembly Method for High-Quality 3D Cell Spheroid Culture
Published on: October 13, 2023
A spherical expansion for audio sounds generated by a circular parametric array loudspeaker
Jiaxin Zhong1, Ray Kirby1, Xiaojun Qiu1
1Centre for Audio, Acoustics and Vibration, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
Abstract:
The existing non-paraxial expression of audio sounds generated by a parametric array loudspeaker (pal) is hard to calculate due to the fivefold integral in it. A rigorous solution of the Westervelt equation under the quasilinear approximation is developed in this paper for circular PALs by using the spherical harmonics expansion, which simplifies the expression into a series of threefold summations with uncoupled angular and radial components. The angular component is determined by Legendre polynomials and the radial one is an integral involving spherical Bessel functions, which converge rapidly. Compared to the direct integration over the whole space, the spherical expansion is rigorous, exact, and can be calculated efficiently. The simulations show the proposed expression can obtain the same accurate results with a speed of at least 15 times faster than the existing one.
More Related Videos
08:32Assembly and Characterization of an External Driver for the Generation of Sub-Kilohertz Oscillatory Flow in Microchannels
Published on: January 28, 2022
07:16Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques
Published on: October 20, 2023
Related Concept Videos
Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor
Conventionally, considering the symmetry, the electric field between the concentric shells of a spherical capacitor is directed radially outward. The magnitude of the field,...
Sound as Pressure Waves
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
Spherical Coordinates
Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry
Anatomy of the Ear
Radius of Gyration of an Area