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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

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Colorectal cysts as a validating tool for CAR therapy.

Pierre Dillard1, Maren Lie1,2, Elizabeth Baken1

  • 1Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.

BMC Biotechnology
|June 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method using 3D colorectal cancer cysts to validate Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. This approach enhances pre-clinical testing for adoptive cell immunotherapy against solid tumors.

Keywords:
CAR T cellsImmunotherapyMicroscopySpheroids

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Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, shows promise for B-cell malignancies but faces challenges in solid tumors due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Current CAR T-cell validation methods using in vitro assays and immunodeficient animal models have limitations in predicting efficacy against complex 3D solid tumors.
  • Tumor spheres are increasingly used to bridge the gap between traditional in vitro and in vivo models for CAR T-cell development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical and reliable method for generating 3D tumor structures (cysts) from colorectal cancer cells for validating adoptive cell therapy.
  • To assess the utility of these 3D structures as a pre-clinical tool for testing CAR T-cell efficacy.
  • To demonstrate the adaptability of this method across various imaging and assay platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells to form polarized 3D spheroids (cysts).
  • Utilized CD19CAR T cells to test the efficacy of the developed 3D model.
  • Adapted the 3D cyst model for use with high-resolution microscopy, bioluminescence assays, and high-throughput live cell imaging.

Main Results:

  • Successfully established a method to produce 3D cysts from the Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell line.
  • Demonstrated that these 3D cysts can serve as a validation tool for adoptive cell therapy, specifically using CD19CAR T cells.
  • Showcased the compatibility of the 3D cyst model with diverse analytical platforms, including advanced microscopy and live cell imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Developed an affordable, reliable, and practical method for producing 3D cysts to validate therapeutic CAR T cells.
  • Integrating this 3D cyst model into the pre-clinical workflow can improve the prediction of CAR T-cell efficacy.
  • This approach offers a valuable intermediate step between in vitro and in vivo studies for cell-based immunotherapy development.