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Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Sex-Based Differences in Interstitial Lung Disease.

Pooja Pandit¹, Rafael L Perez¹, Jesse Roman¹

¹Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine; Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Jefferson Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

|June 4, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sex differences in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are not fully understood. This review explores how biological factors influence ILD progression, focusing on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:

Connective tissue disorders Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Interstitial lung disease Sarcoidosis Sex

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology and Immunology
Sex Differences in Disease

Background:

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are progressive pulmonary disorders characterized by lung inflammation and fibrosis.
The influence of biological sex on the development and progression of ILDs remains unclear.
Sex-based variations in ILDs may stem from differences in biology and sex hormones.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and summarize sex-related differences in the epidemiology and progression of specific ILDs.
To focus on connective tissue-related ILDs, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and sarcoidosis.
To explore potential underlying mechanisms driving these sex differences and identify therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on sex differences in ILDs.
Analysis of epidemiological data concerning ILD prevalence and progression in men and women.
Discussion of cellular and pre-clinical studies investigating sex-specific mechanisms.

Main Results:

Significant sex-related variations exist in the epidemiology and progression of certain ILDs.
Biological factors and sex hormones are implicated as potential drivers of these differences.
Specific ILDs like IPF and sarcoidosis exhibit notable sex-based disparities.

Conclusions:

Understanding sex differences is crucial for a comprehensive approach to ILD management.
Further research into sex-specific mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for ILDs.
This review highlights the need for sex-informed research in pulmonology.