Construction of 3D fibrous PCL scaffolds by coaxial electrospinning for protein delivery

In this study, a three-dimensional tablet-like porous scaffold, comprising core-shell fibers to host proteins inside the core, was developed. The fabrication method involved the novel combination of coaxial and wet electrospinning in a single setting. Poly (ε-caprolactone) was chosen as the based polymer and bovine serum albumin was used as a model protein. These 3D tablet-like scaffolds exhibited adequate porosity and suitable pore size for cell culture and cell infiltration, in addition to appropriate mechanical properties for cartilage tissue engineering. The effects of different parameters on the behavior of the system have been studied and the 3D scaffold based on the core-shell fiber was compared with that based on the matrix fiber. The core-shell structure showed superior performance in comparison to the matrix structure by sustaining protein release kinetics at least for 12 days in PBS. The results from in vitro cell cytotoxicity study revealed that the presented scaffold was biocompatible and non-toxic. Coaxial electrospinning was shown to be a versatile technique in achieving the delivery of biochemical signals in a controlled manner for the regeneration of cartilage. These 3D tablet-like PCL scaffolds incorporated with protein solutions are engineered systems that closely mimic the characteristics of cartilage tissue.