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Retinoids Augment Thiazolidinedione PPARγ Activation in Oral Cancer Cells

Raul Rosas1, Seth Buryska2, Robert Silver3

  • 1Ear, Nose, & Throat Surgery, Essentia Health, Duluth, MN, U.S.A.

Anticancer Research
|June 4, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Combining PPARγ and RXRα agonists, ciglitazone and 9-cis-retinoic acid, shows promise for head and neck cancer. This novel treatment approach enhances anti-carcinogenic effects, reducing proliferation and increasing apoptosis in cancer cells.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant global health concern.
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation exhibits anti-carcinogenic properties in HNSCC models.
  • PPARγ/RXRα heterodimers are implicated in mediating these anti-cancer effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of PPARγ and RXRα agonists on HNSCC cell lines.
  • To evaluate the impact of ciglitazone and 9-cis-retinoic acid on cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and phenotype.
  • To determine if combination therapy offers enhanced therapeutic outcomes compared to individual treatments.

Main Methods:

  • CA 9-22 and NA HNSCC cell lines were treated with ciglitazone (PPARγ agonist) and/or 9-cis-retinoic acid (RXRα agonist).
  • Assays were performed to analyze PPARγ functional activation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis.
  • Changes in cellular phenotype and adipocyte differentiation markers were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Both ciglitazone and 9-cis-retinoic acid individually reduced the carcinogenic phenotype and activated PPARγ in vitro.
  • Combination treatment significantly enhanced PPARγ activation (p<0.0001) and apoptosis (p<0.05).
  • The combined therapy markedly decreased proliferation (p<0.0001) and increased adipocyte differentiation markers (p<0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • The combination of ciglitazone and 9-cis-retinoic acid demonstrates synergistic anti-cancer effects in HNSCC cell lines.
  • This combined approach allows for lower treatment concentrations while maintaining therapeutic efficacy.
  • The findings support the potential of this novel combination therapy for HNSCC treatment.
Keywords:
9-cis-retinoic acidPPARγciglitazonehead and neck squamous carcinomaretinoidsthiazolidinedione

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