Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
Published on: April 15, 2020
Psychometric evaluation of the Drive for Muscularity Scale among weightlifters in Jamaica
Chelsi Ricketts1, Emilio J Compte2,3, Caryl James Bateman4
1Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Drive for Muscularity Scale (McCreary and Sasse, J Am Coll Health 48(6): 297-304, 2000) (DMS) among a sample of Jamaican male weightlifters.
Methods:
205 weightlifters (Mage = 28.49, SD = 9.61) from rural and urban areas in Jamaica, completed the DMS, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) and the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS) in a cross-sectional design. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the DMS and conventional fit indices used to determine model fit. Measurement invariance was examined for urban and rural participants. Correlations between the DMS scores and the DASS-21 and BASS were determined to examine the validity of the scale.
Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis of the original 2-factor model (muscularity-oriented body image and muscularity behaviors) resulted in overall good fit (CFI = .94, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.06 [0.05, 0.08], SRMR = 0.08). Also, measurement invariance was observed between weightlifters from rural and urban areas. The DMS was principally correlated with specific body areas previously associated with male's body dissatisfaction (muscle tone, upper torso and weight) (rs = 0.17 to .47). The DMS showed significant weak to moderate negative correlations with the DASS-21 (rs = - 0.16 to - 0.32). Adequate levels of internal consistency were observed (omega = 0.75-0.88).
Conclusion:
The DMS showed to be a valid instrument to evaluate the drive for muscularity in Jamaican weightlifters and has utility in informing further research, diagnosis and treatment of body image-related pathologies.
Level Of Evidence:
Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Related Concept Videos
Exercise and Muscle Performance
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Drive-Reduction Theory: Push Theory of Motivation
Strength of Cement
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Measures of Intelligence
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
Self-Report Tests of Personality

