[Textual research on "Gui" in Chinese classical prescriptions]

Area of Science:

• Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy: Investigating the historical use and identification of medicinal plants.

Background:

• Ancient Chinese medical texts and classical prescriptions utilized various forms of cinnamon (Cinnamomum) for medicinal purposes.
• The nomenclature and botanical sources of these cinnamon preparations have evolved significantly through different dynasties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct textual research on the historical changes in the names, origins, and processing of cinnamon medicinal materials.
• To clarify the distinctions between Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex as documented in classical Chinese medicine.

Main Methods:

• Consultation of ancient herbal and medical literature.
• Comparison with modern scientific literature and pharmacopoeial standards.
• Analysis of historical plant morphology and geographical distribution records.

Main Results:

• Cinnamon's earliest mentions in Shennong's Herbal Classic were as 'Jungui' and 'Mugui', with 'Jungui' undergoing name evolution.
• Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex names emerged in the Tang Dynasty, with specific morphological preferences noted.
• Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, distinct parts like trunk bark (Cinnamomi Cortex) and twigs (Cinnamomi Ramulus) were differentiated, with C. cassia identified as the primary historical source, though other Cinnamomum species were also used.

Conclusions:

• The study clarifies the historical nomenclature and botanical identity of cinnamon medicinal materials, particularly Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex.
• C. cassia has been the predominant species, but regional variations and other Cinnamomum species contributed to traditional medicinal practices.
• Harvesting and processing methods for cinnamon have remained relatively consistent throughout history.