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Expression and pathogenesis of VCAM-1 and VLA-4 cytokines in multiple myeloma
Pan Hao1, Chunli Zhang2, Rongfu Wang2
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, LuHe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City 101149, China.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and very late appearing antigen-4 (VLA-4) cytokines in MM (multiple Myeloma).
Method:
Forty patients with MM are selected as the experimental group and 30 healthy persons as the control group. Flow cytometry is used to detect the expression of VCAM-1 (CD106), VLA-4 (CD49d), CD38 and CD138 antigens in experimental group and control group. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is used to detect the concentration of VCAM-1 in serum of experimental group and control group. RT-PCR is used to detect the expression of VCAM-1.
Results:
The positive rate and antigen expression rate of VACM-1 antigen in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There were statistical differences of VLA-4 and VCAM-1 antigens between the initial diagnosis group and the relapse/refractory group, and between the relapse/refractory group and the platform stage group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between VLA-4 antigen and VACM-1 antigen, phase I and phase II, and between phase I and phase III (P < 0.05). The concentration of VCAM-1 and the expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in the experimental group were significantly higher than (P < 0.01). In the different stages of ISS (International Staging System) and different disease groups in the experimental group, the concentration of VCAM-1 and the expression level of VCAM-1 mRNA are significantly different among the three groups of stage I, II and III (P < 0.01). There is a significant difference between the initial diagnosis group, the relapse/refractory group and the platform group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
There are abnormal expressions of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and VLA-4 in multiple myeloma patients, which are related to ISS staging.
Insights
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and very late appearing antigen-4 (VLA-4) are abnormally expressed in multiple myeloma patients. These adhesion molecules are linked to disease progression and International Staging System (ISS) staging.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
- Adhesion molecules play crucial roles in cell-cell interactions and immune responses, and their dysregulation is implicated in various cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression levels of Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and very late appearing antigen-4 (VLA-4) in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM).
- To explore the correlation between the expression of VCAM-1 and VLA-4 and the clinical staging of MM.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of VCAM-1 and VLA-4 expression in 40 MM patients versus 30 healthy controls.
- Utilized flow cytometry to detect cell surface antigen expression (VCAM-1, VLA-4, CD38, CD138).
- Employed ELISA for serum VCAM-1 concentration and RT-PCR for VCAM-1 mRNA expression analysis.
Main Results:
- Significantly higher VCAM-1 and VLA-4 expression rates were observed in MM patients compared to controls (P < 0.05).
- VCAM-1 and VLA-4 expression levels showed significant differences across various disease stages, including initial diagnosis, relapse/refractory, and platform groups (P < 0.05).
- Elevated serum VCAM-1 concentration and VCAM-1 mRNA expression were noted in MM patients (P < 0.01), correlating with International Staging System (ISS) stages (P < 0.01).
Conclusions:
- Adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and VLA-4 are aberrantly expressed in Multiple Myeloma.
- The expression of VCAM-1 and VLA-4 is associated with the International Staging System (ISS) staging in MM patients.
- These findings suggest VCAM-1 and VLA-4 as potential biomarkers for MM progression and staging.
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